Applied Freshwater Biology

• Provides 28 case studies demonstrating scientific applications for the mitigation of stressors/impacts on aquatic ecosystems and nearly 100 color illustrations and charts
• Delves into impacts from both point source and non-point source pollution
• Addresses issues with water withdrawals and transfers, as well as flow management and channelization
• Discusses solutions to problems resulting from erosion and sediment transport
• Designed for use as a one-term college course, with each chapter covering two class periods
• Chapters include thought-provoking homework activities for students
• Includes comprehensive references for additional reading and research
• WAV features selected graphs, tables, and images from the book—available from the Web Added Value™ Download Resource Center at www.jrosspub.com/wav

John S. Richardson was born and raised in Toronto, Canada, and earned his first degree from the University of Toronto (B.Sc. 1979). From there, his academic career took him west as he earned degrees from the University of Alberta (M.Sc. 1983) and the University of British Columbia (Ph.D. 1989). Dr. Richardson spent three years at Simon Fraser University as a post-doctoral fellow before landing a faculty position at the University of British Columbia. Dr. Richardson has held many professional roles including faculty member, Head of Department, member of the Peter Wall Institute for Advanced Studies, and a member of the editorial boards of several high-ranking journals. He has also been on many panels dealing with endangered species, riparian regulations, and other applications of his research. John’s research has focused on freshwater and riparian area ecology, primarily as a population, community, and ecosystem ecologist. He has successfully mentored many excellent graduate students and post-doctoral fellows and enjoys working in a global community of scholars with many outstanding colleagues.

INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1 – HYDROLOGY AND FRESHWATER BIOLOGY Hydrology Important Parameters of Water Quality Water Temperature – The “Master Variable” The Force of Flow Oxygen Content Nutrients Acidity Turbidity Light Biology of Freshwater Organisms Micro-Organisms Algae and Plants Animals Food Resources Food Webs Community Ecology Ecosystem Processes CHAPTER 2 – FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS: HABITAT TYPES AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION Introduction Types of Freshwater Ecosystems Streams Classification of Streams Lakes Wetlands Estuaries Other Freshwaters Discontinuities Substrate CHAPTER 3 – SEDIMENT Introduction Sediments as Habitat Impacts Turbidity Smothering, Abrasion, and Suffocation Food-Web Effects Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Limiting Erosion of Sediments Protecting Infrastructure and Reducing Bank Erosion Too Little Sediment Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 4 – NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION Introduction Impacts Eutrophication Toxic Metals and Synthetic Chemicals Genetic Alterations Hormone Disruption and Other Effects Radiation Exposure Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions The Field of Ecotoxicology Controlling or Removing Nutrients Controls on Pesticides Regulation of Effluents Reduce Use of Plastics Perspectives CHAPTER 5 – POINT SOURCE POLLUTION Introduction Impacts Domestic Water Supplies and Wastewater Treatment Plants Livestock Electric Plants Landfills Mining Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants and Stormwater Industrial Treatment Livestock Landfills Mining Monitoring Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 6 – WATER WITHDRAWALS AND TRANSFERS Introduction Impacts Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Governance, Management, and the Surface-to-Ground Water Connection Irrigation Water Supply Costs Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 7 – FLOW MANAGEMENT AND CHANNELIZATION Introduction Impacts Dams and Reservoirs Channelization and Diking Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Environmental Flows Connecting Habitat Restoration of Habitats Downstream of Dams Removal of Dams Flow Management for Environmental Restoration Monitoring Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 8 – FOREST AND AGRICULTURE MANAGEMENT Introduction Impacts Hydrological Impacts Shade Removal Sediments and Organic Matter Inputs Large Wood and Shoreline Vegetation Nutrients and Pesticides Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Pesticide Exclusion Zones Silt Fences and Landscape Cloths Riparian Areas and Buffers Forestry Crop Agriculture Livestock Management Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 9 – URBAN WATERBODIES Introduction Impacts Urban Stream Syndrome Water Quality Changes Overflows from Combined Sewer Systems Channelization Lakes and Wetlands Ecological Traps Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Functional Waterbodies Making Urban Streams and their Floodplains More Natural Increase Urban Green Spaces and Vegetation Protecting Water Quality Maintain Urban Wetlands and Lakes Incorporate Constructed Wetlands and Other Green Infrastructure Increase Connectivity and Reduce Ecological Traps Public Participation Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 10 – EXPLOITATION OF SPECIES Introduction Impacts Reduction in Wild Numbers Aquaculture Rice Production Interactions with Other Stressors Disruption of Wild Freshwater Ecosystems Unintended Consequences of Rice and Other Crops Solutions Fishery Population Management Avoid Inadvertent Introductions of Nonindigenous Species Exploitation of Species Other than Fish Hatcheries Aquaculture Rice Production Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 11 – INVASIVE SPECIES Introduction Impacts Predation, Competition, and the Disruption of Food Webs Damage to Infrastructure Environmental Changes that Alter Behavior Spreading of Disease Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Policy and Public Awareness Physical Removal Biological Control and Poison Barriers Activities CHAPTER 12 – ENDANGERED SPECIES Introduction Impacts Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Laws, Rules, and Agreements Number of Occurrences Habitat Protection and Connectivity Captive Breeding, Headstarting, and Reintroductions Activities CHAPTER 13 – MULTIPLE STRESSORS AND CUMULATIVE EFFECTS Introduction Impacts Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Better Statistical Models and Experimental Tests Advances in Ecotoxicology for Multiple Stressors Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 14 – CLIMATE CHANGE AND CLIMATE PROOFING Introduction Impacts Extreme Weather Events Quantity and Quality of Water Thermal Stress on Organisms Potential Return of Acid Rain Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Water Storage Strategies Limiting Increases in Water Temperatures and Evaporation Rates Defenses against Extreme Weather Novel Ideas Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 15 – RESTORATION Introduction Impacts Interactions with Other Stressors Solutions Stewardship Riparian Zone Restoration Stream and River Restoration Restoration of Wetlands Restoration of Lakes Adding Nutrients Replacement, Conservation Offsets, and Mitigation Banking Perspectives Activities CHAPTER 16 – MONITORING Introduction Limitations Solutions Physical and Chemical Measures Biomonitoring for Chemicals Biological Measures Biomonitoring Based on Communities or Indicators Genetics and Genomics Decision Support Tools Perspectives Activities REFERENCES INDEX

“This book is exceptional in that it represents the perfect balance of fundamental knowledge about aquatic ecosystems as well as lucid examples of how that knowledge can be applied to solve complex problems, including those that can transcend scale—from single populations to watershed processes that connect land and water over vast landscapes.” —Steven J. Cooke, Professor, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada “Great book for teaching and training. Unique in my view with a strong applied focus.” —Margaret A. Palmer, Distinguished University Professor, University of Maryland, and Director of the National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center “This book is perfectly timed to be an invaluable resource for students in upper-level and graduate classes. Moreover, it will be a major information source for freshwater managers, government agencies, and conservationists. Each chapter addresses pivotal environmental issues affecting freshwater ecosystems and includes a solution-based approach for advancing conservation and mitigation strategies.” —Klement Tockner, Ph.D., Director General of the Senckenberg Society for Natural Research, Frankfurt, Germany “For factors ranging from sediment loading to polluting solutes and microplastics, water diversions, impoundments and withdrawals, and finally, invasions by exotic species, Richardson vividly describes consequences to freshwater life but then presents case studies of rehabilitation and management efforts that are helping restore more natural regimes.” —Mary E. Power, Professor, University of California, Berkley